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  <div class="section" id="create-news-items">
<h1>Create news items<a class="headerlink" href="#create-news-items" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>You now know how you can read data from a database using CodeIgniter, but
you haven&#8217;t written any information to the database yet. In this section
you&#8217;ll expand your news controller and model created earlier to include
this functionality.</p>
<div class="section" id="create-a-form">
<h2>Create a form<a class="headerlink" href="#create-a-form" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>To input data into the database you need to create a form where you can
input the information to be stored. This means you&#8217;ll be needing a form
with two fields, one for the title and one for the text. You&#8217;ll derive
the slug from our title in the model. Create the new view at
<em>application/views/news/create.php</em>.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">h2</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$title</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span><span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">h2</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>

<span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">validation_errors</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span>

<span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news/create&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span>

    <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">label</span> <span class="na">for</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>Title<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">label</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
    <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">input</span> <span class="na">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;input&quot;</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;title&quot;</span> <span class="p">/&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nt">br</span> <span class="p">/&gt;</span>

    <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">label</span> <span class="na">for</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;text&quot;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>Text<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">label</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
    <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">textarea</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;text&quot;</span><span class="p">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class="nt">textarea</span><span class="p">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nt">br</span> <span class="p">/&gt;</span>

    <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">input</span> <span class="na">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;submit&quot;</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;submit&quot;</span> <span class="na">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;Create news item&quot;</span> <span class="p">/&gt;</span>

<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">form</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>There are only two things here that probably look unfamiliar to you: the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_open()</span></tt> function and the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">validation_errors()</span></tt> function.</p>
<p>The first function is provided by the <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html"><em>form
helper</em></a> and renders the form element and
adds extra functionality, like adding a hidden <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html"><em>CSRF prevention
field</em></a>. The latter is used to report
errors related to form validation.</p>
<p>Go back to your news controller. You&#8217;re going to do two things here,
check whether the form was submitted and whether the submitted data
passed the validation rules. You&#8217;ll use the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html"><em>form
validation</em></a> library to do this.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">create</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;form&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
    <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;form_validation&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>

    <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Create a news item&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>

    <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">form_validation</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_rules</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Title&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;required&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
    <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">form_validation</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_rules</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Text&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;required&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>

    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">form_validation</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">run</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;templates/header&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news/create&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;templates/footer&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>

    <span class="p">}</span>
    <span class="k">else</span>
    <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">news_model</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_news</span><span class="p">();</span>
        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news/success&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The code above adds a lot of functionality. The first few lines load the
form helper and the form validation library. After that, rules for the
form validation are set. The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_rules()</span></tt> method takes three arguments;
the name of the input field, the name to be used in error messages, and
the rule. In this case the title and text fields are required.</p>
<p>CodeIgniter has a powerful form validation library as demonstrated
above. You can read <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html"><em>more about this library
here</em></a>.</p>
<p>Continuing down, you can see a condition that checks whether the form
validation ran successfully. If it did not, the form is displayed, if it
was submitted <strong>and</strong> passed all the rules, the model is called. After
this, a view is loaded to display a success message. Create a view at
<em>application/views/news/success.php</em> and write a success message.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="model">
<h2>Model<a class="headerlink" href="#model" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The only thing that remains is writing a method that writes the data to
the database. You&#8217;ll use the Query Builder class to insert the
information and use the input library to get the posted data. Open up
the model created earlier and add the following:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">set_news</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;url&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>

    <span class="nv">$slug</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">url_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s1">&#39;dash&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>

    <span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;slug&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$slug</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="p">);</span>

    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This new method takes care of inserting the news item into the database.
The third line contains a new function, url_title(). This function -
provided by the <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html"><em>URL helper</em></a> - strips down
the string you pass it, replacing all spaces by dashes (-) and makes
sure everything is in lowercase characters. This leaves you with a nice
slug, perfect for creating URIs.</p>
<p>Let&#8217;s continue with preparing the record that is going to be inserted
later, inside the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$data</span></tt> array. Each element corresponds with a column in
the database table created earlier. You might notice a new method here,
namely the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">post()</span></tt> method from the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html"><em>input
library</em></a>. This method makes sure the data is
sanitized, protecting you from nasty attacks from others. The input
library is loaded by default. At last, you insert our <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$data</span></tt> array into
our database.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="routing">
<h2>Routing<a class="headerlink" href="#routing" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Before you can start adding news items into your CodeIgniter application
you have to add an extra rule to <em>config/routes.php</em> file. Make sure your
file contains the following. This makes sure CodeIgniter sees &#8216;create&#8217;
as a method instead of a news item&#8217;s slug.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;news/create&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;news/create&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;news/(:any)&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;news/view/$1&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;news&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;news&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;(:any)&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;pages/view/$1&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;default_controller&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;pages/view&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Now point your browser to your local development environment where you
installed CodeIgniter and add index.php/news/create to the URL.
Congratulations, you just created your first CodeIgniter application!
Add some news and check out the different pages you made.</p>
</div>
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